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Navigating Trade Restrictions

with Vasily Astrov, Carsten Brockhaus, Levke Jessen-Thiesen, Hendrik Mahlkow and Patrik Šváb. Russia Monitor, No. 3, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw). February 2024.

This report focuses on Russia’s adaptation in its commodity exports during 2023, amidst ongoing international sanctions. It examines the shifts in export and maritime shipping patterns, emphasizing coal, crude oil, and liquefied natural gas, and their redirection towards alternative, non-sanctioning markets. The analysis details Russia’s efforts to maintain its commodity exports by leveraging new maritime routes and - possibly - spoofing Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals to avoid detection of ship-to-ship transfers of oil.

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