# PLAID

> An open database of product-level indicators for international trade, covering six indicators across ~5,400 HS 6-digit products and all seven HS revisions (1992--2022). Generated by an ensemble of frontier LLMs with built-in uncertainty quantification. Available at plaid.julianhinz.com as bulk CSV downloads, a JSON API, and an interactive explorer.

- URL: https://julianhinz.com/data-code/plaid/
- Type: Dataset
- Authors: Carsten Brockhaus, Julian Hinz, Irene Iodice
- Date: 2026-04-16
- Topics: AI, trade data

[![PLAID: Product-Level AI-Derived Indicators Database for International Trade](https://julianhinz.com/data-code/plaid/plaid-og-image.png)](https://plaid.julianhinz.com)

[Explore PLAID →](https://plaid.julianhinz.com) Bulk downloads, a JSON API, and an interactive explorer.

[PLAID](https://plaid.julianhinz.com) (Product-Level AI-Derived Indicators Database) provides six product-level indicators for international trade at the HS 6-digit level, generated by an ensemble of frontier large language models.

### Indicators

| Indicator | Categories | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rauch | w / r / n | Organised exchange, reference priced, or differentiated |
| BEC | capital / intermediate / consumption | Broad Economic Categories end-use classification |
| Perishability | 1--5 | Economic perishability scale with half-life estimate |
| Hazmat | true / false | GHS/IMDG dangerous goods flag |
| Microchip | true / false | Semiconductor or integrated circuit content |
| 3TG | true / false + mineral | Tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold conflict mineral exposure |

### Coverage

All seven HS revisions: H0 (1992), H1 (1996), H2 (2002), H3 (2007), H4 (2012), H5 (2017), H6 (2022). Approximately 5,400 products per revision. Four-model ensemble with majority voting and uncertainty measures for each classification.

### Access

- **Interactive explorer & downloads:** [plaid.julianhinz.com](https://plaid.julianhinz.com) (mirror: [trade.ifw-kiel.de/PLAID](https://trade.ifw-kiel.de/PLAID/))
- **JSON API:** `plaid.julianhinz.com/api/v0.1/{revision}/{code}.json`
- **Code & replication:** [github.com/julianhinz/PLAID](https://github.com/julianhinz/PLAID)

Data is released under CC BY 4.0, code under MIT.

## Related research

- [PLAID: Product-Level AI-Derived Indicators Database for International Trade](https://julianhinz.com/research/plaid/index.md). Kiel Working Paper, 2318, April 2026

## Cite (BibTeX)

```bibtex
@misc{plaid_database_2026,
  title = {{PLAID}},
  author = {Carsten Brockhaus and Julian Hinz and Irene Iodice},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Dataset}
}
```